John Owen - a short history 1616-1683

John Owen has been described as ‘the greatest theologian who has ever written in the English language’. He is remembered for his thirteen books – still in print today – and was influential as Cromwell’s chaplain during the Civil War and Vice-chancellor of Oxford University. From 1643-1646 John was Pastor of Fordham Church, whose committee commissioned this Lifechart.

John Owen was born in 1616, the year that Shakespeare died and led a high-profile life. We know little about his personal life, however, since none of his diaries and only a few of his letters have been preserved. He was tall, with a distinguished look, evident from his portrait in the National Portrait Gallery, and an easy and affable manner.

He played a significant part in the tumultuous events of the Civil War and Commonwealth, as a preacher to Parliament, a chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, Vice-chancellor of Oxford University and a regularly adviser in affairs of state. It was he who spoke out against Cromwell’s wish to declare himself king, losing his position as a result.

His greatest and most lasting achievements were as a theologian, producing arguably the finest body of theological scholarship in the English speaking world. His works remain in print to this day, and fills more than 16 thick volumes. One writer said they were to be valued ‘above all human writings for a true view of the mystery of the gospel.’

Owen’s first theological work, a spirited defence of Calvinism, gained him his first parish, of Fordham in north Essex, in 1643 aged 27. In his three years as pastor he focussed on parish work, writing one book, The Duty of Pastors and People Distinguished, and two catechisms for parishioners which begin: ‘Brethren, my heart’s desire and request unto God for you is, that you may be saved.’

Owen was a Puritan, which was a widespread movement in the Church of England to reform its worship towards liturgical simplicity and the centrality of preaching. He was to become the foremost advocate of Independent church government. Until the end of his life in 1687, his concern in everything was to promote the truth of the Bible and refute error, so that holiness might flourish and God be glorified.

© Copyright of Lifechart 2008

Portrait of John Owen courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, attributed to John Greenhill, oil on canvas, circa 1668